HOA Taxes – What Every Board Needs to Know

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Show Topic:
HOA Taxes – What Every Board Needs to Know
Show Description:
Experts from Balance Asset Solutions explain how HOA taxes actually work, which tax forms apply, and how to properly classify income and expenses. The ManageCasa team also demonstrates how to use the platform’s accounting and reporting tools to support tax preparation and ongoing compliance.
Listen Now:
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Hey everyone, welcome to another exciting managed cost webinar. This time
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in collaboration with Balanced Asset Solutions or BAS for short. My name is
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Patrick and I’ll be your guide as we explore HOA taxes and how to handle them
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like a pro. We’re happy to invite two expert guest
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speakers today. Mo, who is the CEO at Balance Asset Solutions, as well as
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Stephanie, our product specialist and a very talented engineer.
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We’ve got a great agenda for you today. We’ll begin by going over do HOAs pay
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taxes, why it matters, the two key HOA tax forms, whether you can actually use
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an 1120H, the goal,
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what’s usually taxed and not taxed, member versus non-member income, how HOA
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tax is actually calculated, deductibles versus non-deductibles,
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reporting, filing flow, and some key deadlines that you need to be aware of.
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We’ll also walk you through a live demo today so you can see how software like
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manage kasa can make tax season a whole lot easier. And finally, we’ll wrap up
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with Q&A session to answer your questions and help you get the most out
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of today’s experience. Before we dive in, just a few quick
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housekeeping notes. First, we’ve muted everyone’s mics just to keep things
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crisp and clear. Don’t worry, you can still interact using the chat feature or
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the Q&A feature to share your thoughts and comments. The session is being
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recorded. If you miss anything or want to view content later, you can easily
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access this recording via Wistia. We’ll also make this recording available in
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our help center for your convenience. Like we mentioned, there’s a Q&A session
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at the end, so feel free to drop any questions you may have on HOA taxes in
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the Q&A box during the session, and we’ll get to them at the very end.
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Lastly, please consider giving managed CASA a follow on social media. We share
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helpful tips for HOAs, including tax tips, as well as key filing deadlines.
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Okay, so now that all the housekeeping is out of the way, let’s get this
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started. I’d love to turn it over to Mo to go over the fundamentals of HOA
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taxes.
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>> Hey everybody, pleasure to meet you. Uh my name is uh Muhammad Mo Hussein, the
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uh CEO, founder here at Balance Asset Solutions. We are a CPA, accounting and
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consulting firm uh specifically focused on real estate. So today we’ll be diving
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into um some things that you should be aware of when it comes to HOA taxes. um
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uh what HOAs need to file or how they can file, what forms you should use in
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kind of most cases, taxable versus non-t taxable income, deductions, uh filing
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steps and deadlines and and common mistakes. One thing that I want to
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caveat is, you know, taxes are are very nuanced. Uh unfortunately, the
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complexity of tax law is what has bred kind of an entire industry of tax
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professionals like our organization. And so everybody’s, you know, each entity
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and organization’s kind of tax needs and requirements are maybe a little bit
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different. Today, we’re taking kind of a a general approach of kind of the the
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most common use cases from an HOA taxes perspective. Um, but of course, you
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know, whoever your tax uh professional, CPA, whoever’s doing your kind of your
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taxes should have a good idea of um of what particular uh things you need to
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consider in your particular tax situation. So I definitely don’t want to
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take uh this is more informative and don’t want the audience to kind of take
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this as kind of board as law if you will. Let’s go ahead and move on to the
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next slide. So do HOAs pay taxes? So u generally
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speaking HOAs are either nonpro an actual true non nonprofit organization
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which is a 501c organization or you can be a notfor-profit.
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um it doesn’t necessarily mean that you’re automatically always taxexempt.
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And generally speaking, even if you are, you still need to file some type of a
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federal tax return, even if there’s nothing going to be owed. Okay? And some
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states, depending on where the entity is headquartered, um do require kind of a
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separate state filing. So even the tax exemptions are at the federal level, you
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still have considerations at the state level that you should be you should be
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taking into consideration. Um let’s go ahead and move on to the
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next slide. Why does this matter? So firstly, you want to prevent penalties
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and late filing issues, things like mclassification associated with income.
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Uh uh many of you may be part of a an HOA board or folks that are or have a
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board that’s usually responsible for things like filings and working with a
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vendor if there’s a CPA or accounting firm that’s submitting this. Um it also
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helps build you know comp confidence validation with the financial reporting
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and the packets that are being sent out to uh the board and the and the uh the
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folks that are part of the HOA. It also supports things like audits, lenders and
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uh and buyers of uh of the assets. Uh so in in generally speaking we have
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kind of two designations or forms that are usually used in in uh in tax in for
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HOA taxes. So the tax the two tax forms are 1120H and 1120. So uh this is mainly
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used for corporations. So US corporation income tax return is what the form 1120
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form is for. Uh and this is to report things like income deductions, credit
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and and taxes due. So usually this is filed for by domestic corporations even
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if they have no taxable income unless you are a 501 organiza designated
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organization. And then you also have uh you know entities that elected to be
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taxed as a corporation which is commonly usually LLC’s that make a corporate tax
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election. Um uh the 1120H which is the US income tax return
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specifically for homeowners association. This is used specifically by qualified
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HOAs that elect to be taxed under the special HOA rules for that tax year. And
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this is usually typically filed by uh homeowners associations which can be
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condo associations, residential real estate, time share associations, and
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specifically they want HOA tax treatment which will allow the HOA to exclude
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certain exempt functions mainly around income from gross income. Uh, and there
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are some core qualifications that we’ll be kind of going over, but kind of quick
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rule of thumb is that, you know, a normal corporation files an 1120 and
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then HOAs that choose that that choose to be choose to have that special HOA
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tax election of the year would file that 1120 1120H.
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Let’s go ahead and move on to the next slide. So, can you use the 112H form? So
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um again you need to you need to file for that exemption status or that
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special status. Uh and then generally speaking HOAs uh meet this this form
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test uh what’s commonly referred to as the 6090 rule which is basically 60% of
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income uh comes from uh members and 90% of expenses come specifically from
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property operations. and then you need to make that election uh by filing that
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112H for that particular year. You would not be able to use this particular
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designation if you have have any commercial activity. So think about like
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brokerage type of services and whatnot any outside rentals. So rather than an
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actual association if you have a lot of units that are being uh you know rented
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out um traditional traditional uh you know uh residential and then if you if
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you fail that kind of that income and expense test so again 60% of the income
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needs to come from member dues 90% of expenses need to come strictly from from
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property operations. Uh so the goal uh at the end of the year
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is you should be going through a a audit process uh file and correct the whatever
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tax form you’ll be using and use the correct form. You should you should
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throughout the year go through a monthly accounting close process which which
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ensures that you identify taxable income and only pay what is owed. um you know
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avoid avoid you know ways to avoid penalties and stuff is to ensure that
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you file in the correct you know by the correct date if not that your tax EPA
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has filed an extension so that you don’t get hit with uh with with with penalties
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and potential audit issues as well. So um next slide. So most HOA income kind
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of falls in two kind of major buckets if you will. Um so that uh uh that 6090
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rule that we had mentioned earlier. Um that 60% would fall will fall under
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member income. What is member income? These are like dues that you’re that
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you’re uh that the members are paying on a monthly basis. any type of special
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assessments whether those are going towards the reserve or not. And then
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essentially fees that are charged only to to members of the HOA uh operations
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and this income is usually used to kind of run the community and generally
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speaking is is non- tax non-t taxable. What is non-member income? So, if you
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have things like laundry rooms, like vending machines, if there is a lease
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for like a cell tower that’s on the property, um if you’re renting any type
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of common areas, for example, some communities have maybe like a clubhouse
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or something that they that they rent and there is uh to the members in the
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community, that income is not is considered non-member income. interest
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income that’s received from things like reserves, things like late fees and
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fines. All of these things are usually taxable.
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Go ahead and kind of jump into a demo here and I’ll uh hand over the remains
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here to to Stephanie to to show some a few reports.
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>> Awesome. Thank you, Mo. So I will be going over manage classes
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flexible chart of accounts feature. Your chart of accounts can be found under
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accounting transactions chart of accounts. And here you will see
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a list of all your accounts that you can customize to fit your needs. So, when
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you first transition over to Manage Kasa’s accounting suite for the first
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time, there will automatically be some default set of accounts ready for you to
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use, including common ones relating to HOA or general property management
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services such as HOA fees and late fees. If you don’t want to use some of these
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default accounts provided for you, you could just turn them off using this
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status toggle. You could also search for a chart of account using the search bar.
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So, I’ll just type in cleaning and here I see all my accounts
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relating to cleaning expense accounts. We have the typical parent child account
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hierarchy where I have a general parent cleaning account and under that cleaning
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account I have various child accounts relating to cleaning. So when you record
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expenses you can record it against the main account or the sub account. When
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you click on this ellipses you have some options. So you could add a chart number
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if you want. Um and that code will then show up in various reports that you run.
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You could also record any uh personal note or make the account aortionable
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which means that the account can be divided amongst multiple units. Um this
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is a lot more common for European accounting rather than US. Now say
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there’s an account that you really want that’s not listed in the defaults that
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we provide for you. You can always create your own. So you could do that by
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clicking add account here. and just fill out the information such
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as the account name, the subtype, and the type. So, if you want to create a
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custom child account under an already existing parent account, just choose the
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right parent account here, and you’ll put that you want to put it under and
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subtype should be the name of your child account. If you want to create your own
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custom parent account, then select you want to select add new. Type in the name
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of your parent account. save that and create the parent account first and then
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you could create any custom sub accounts under that um account that parent
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account you just created. And if you’re familiar with our custom
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fields feature, we support that with our chart of accounts as well. Custom fields
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are very useful in situations where you want to track a data point that is not
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officially tracked in our forms. So maybe there might be an important
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category you want to keep track of for tax purposes or whatever else, but our
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create form doesn’t have that classification explicitly. Then you
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could use custom fields to create any of your own.
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Um once you create your custom account and it’s turned on, you can just use it
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basically the same as you would any of your other accounts when you do your
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day-to-day accounting. Um and that’s the a brief overview of our chart of
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accounts feature. and I’ll take it back to Mo.
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>> Thanks Stephanie. Uh so one thing that I wanted to comment on the uh the chart of
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accounts or at least the flexibility you guys get with um with managed CASA is
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you know every every company and entity wants to provide their reporting and
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financials in a different format. Um you may you know use you may want to have
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you know your income statement for example bucket you know the taxable
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income or like non-member income versus the member income or special
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assessments. You may want to have subcategories that exist on the balance
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sheet um for for uh uh for under the asset section for the building and
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capital expenditures and depreciation and things of that sort. And so you
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should always um you know uh ensure that the reporting structure and the chart of
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account structure you’re using is something that’s conducive specifically
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to uh uh to your needs and how and what makes sense for uh for you the business
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and the folks that are going to be consuming these reports. Um let’s go
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ahead and get back into our presentation here.
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So uh uh just to summarize um uh you know what we spoke about before we have
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those two categorizations right what is usually not taxed which is the member
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assessments regular dues special assessments member only service fees um
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this again is income that’s mainly used to kind of uh operate and maintain the
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property and not subjected to federal income taxes specifically for HOAs that
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are using that 1120H uh what’s usually taxes laundry income
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vendor income any income honestly that’s being received that’s outside of these
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uh uh these dues and special assessments that are used to operate the property.
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How is tax being calculated? So, you’re usually looking at your taxable income
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minus uh which is equal to the non-member income minus related expenses
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and then uh the standard deduction and then that’s multiplied by whatever the
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tax rate is depending on the bucket and the amount of uh of income of taxable
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income expenses. So, uh what are some items
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that uh traditionally can be used to be able to reduce your taxable income? So
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any deductibles, any expenses associated with uh with things like laundry
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repairs, utilities, rental areas, uh maintenance specifically for income
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assets, uh management tied to to to rentals and expenses associated with
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that, tax prep fees, um and uh and certain types of capital expenditures.
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So think about, you know, renovations and things that may be done on the
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property. Um, there’s a whole host of also other considerations there that
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that allow for you to be able to kind of depreciate in the way that those items
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can move over to the income statement. Again, that’s going to be specific on
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the type of renovation and capital expenditure. Generally speaking, the
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things that are not used to reduce your taxable income, which is your, you know,
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HOA operations, landscaping for like common areas, board expenses, uh, member
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services, um, and, uh, and member and member
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services. This actually ties into the 1099s which
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we are currently in 1099 season. Um you know the the miscellaneous form which is
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due on January kind of 3 on January 31st and this is something that should be
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sent out to all the vendors. Uh the 1099s are calculated the 1099 balances
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are calculated from the total uh expenses or checks and payments that
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went to to the vendors. And again this uh this calculation does not take into
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consideration um you want to make sure that within
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your accounting system you’ve been creating within managed cost you’ve been
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creating payables and payments versus using journal entries. Um, and uh, you
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know, any vendors that are corporations would be ex they they don’t get a 1099,
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but if it’s a any other type of uh, like LLC or any other type of entity and
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they’ve been doing services, they should be getting some type of 1099. And again,
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these are due on the 31st, which is in about a few days here, Saturday.
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Reports. What are the core reports that you should be using for your taxes? And
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usually these are things that your tax accountant or firm will usually ask for
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usually based they usually ask for income statement uh the 12 month or the
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year end uh uh balance sheet. Um they may look at the the budget versus actual
18:11
1099 and then usually they may ask for the general ledger. After the taxes are
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completed you should be getting some series of adjustments what they’re
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called year-end adjusting journal entries from the tax accounting team. Uh
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these things usually incorporate um things like writing off bad debt. Like
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let’s just say there’s past owners that are no longer a part of the HOA. Um they
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had open dues that were not that are not going to be collected that things like
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that can be written off as as as bad debt. Then usually those adjusting
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entries will also contain things associated with like asset that mainly
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focus on the assets and the equity section of your of your balance sheet.
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uh tax support schedule. Uh so these are usually documents that support the
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taxable income, the expenses that were calculated. Uh so you should have a
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section that has like non-member versus member income and then and then details
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and line items if you will of what that of what that uh of what those income
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sources are and some type of an expense allocation schedule.
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Bank and reserve support. Uh so this is used uh for the reconciliation process
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of the balances in the cash and the reserve balances that’s used on the
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return. And so supporting documents for that are usually uses bank statements,
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the bank reconciliation uh bank reconciliation reports and then there
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should be some type of like reserve statement that you’re receiving from
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your bank and uh that’ll be used on a on a roll forward basis.
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Okay, now we’ll go ahead and jump into some examples of kind of the reports on
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uh that you can run within uh within manage kasa and I’ll hand over the
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reigns back to Stephanie.
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>> Thank you Mo. So in this demo I will be giving a brief overview of the reports
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you could run in manage kasa that are useful during tax season. You can find
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your reports under accounting reports. And here you have common accounting
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reports such as balance sheet, income statement, cash flow. Um, for this demo,
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I’m going to run a trial balance report. Now, when you go first land on a report
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run page, for your convenience, we allow you to save your filter preferences as a
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preset, which is useful if you tend to run the same report over and over again
20:42
using the same set of filters. Presets are essentially just a shortcut to say,
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“Hey, manage classes system, run, run my usual report.” You can hide certain
20:52
columns you don’t want to see and choose how you want to save or share the
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reports. I won’t go over them in too much detail here since we went over all
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of this in our last webinar. So, if you want to refresh on this part, you can
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just refer back to our last webinar. For the trial balance, you can split by
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property association. Uh, select an as of date. I’m going to
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select our sample association Gryffindor COA.
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And if you run the report, this is a sample trial balance report.
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And I will actually hand it over to Mo to briefly explain how to read a trial
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balance report.
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>> Yeah. So the trial balance report is basically showing you all the GL
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accounts um that have activity for the entire year. And it usually will show
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what the debits are, the credits are, and then what that final balance is for
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the end of the year. So, usually your tax accountant will look at, you know,
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the trial balance as of the end of the year before. Again, each year that you
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close out your books and the taxes are completed, there’s a series of of of tax
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uh adjusting entries that need to get kind of created. And so they’re usually
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looking to see, hey, does the previous trial balance with those adjusting
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entries that are usually dated for 1231 of the year before, do those tie out and
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match the previous taxes that were completed? And then uh and then they’ll
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look at the activity throughout the uh entire year. They usually start off with
22:21
the trial balance to ensure that things kind of make sense, balances kind of
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make sense, and they’re in the right spot. And then usually they’ll kind of
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ask for a subsequent report, which is like the general ledger, which actually
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shows the details of like each individual transaction.
22:37
Thank you, Mo. So, next we’ll go over a different report,
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the general ledger report, which essentially lists all transactions
22:48
posted to each account. So, it’s kind of like your master repository of all your
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accounting data. Uh for time period, I will do
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last quarter. And for association, I’ll select refender again.
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and Mo, any any insights you want to add about this report?
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So, usually the the general ledger um a a few things that you want to kind of
23:21
spot um that will hopefully save time with your your tax accountant. um is uh
23:29
is kind of the the validation the review process of your financials. And usually
23:33
the general ledger is a is a great place a great place to get the level of detail
23:37
that you would to be able to understand uh the transactions that have been coded
23:40
against the GL accounts uh that make up your financials. And so things like
23:44
accounts receivables that are supposed to be transactions associated with
23:49
monies and funds that that the HOA is expecting to receive. And so you should
23:53
see that there’s always a payee and payer. There shouldn’t be a journal
23:57
entry for example against the accounts receivable account um because the
24:02
accounts receivables are tracked at the actual individual tenant or the
24:05
homeowner’s ledger basis and so um be careful or what you want to look for is
24:11
things like entries being coded against control accounts. So what do we mean by
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control accounts? So the entire accounting system is based on a property
24:21
based accounting system. There are what’s called subleddgers. So like an
24:24
owner ledger is considered a subleddger which rolls up to the property ledger.
24:29
So transactions that belong at the subleddger level should only be done at
24:34
the subleddger level. So any transactions associated usually with
24:37
like income dues um you know owner credits late fees
24:43
things of that sort should be transactions that are created at the
24:46
individual owner ledger because that will roll up to the property ledger. If
24:50
you create a journal entry, for example, at the property ledger that’s hitting a
24:53
receivables account, that doesn’t tie into an actual owner ledger. And so
24:57
there’s no validation of like where that that income or those funds are expected
25:01
to be received. And so usually the control accounts you want to kind of
25:05
take a look at are kind of accounts receivables, accounts payables,
25:09
prepayments. Those are the things those are kind of the main big items in
25:13
security deposits that you want to make sure that the kind of the subleddgers
25:16
are uh in the general ledger is only showing transactions that always have a
25:20
pay and payer. Awesome. Thank you, Mo. And as I
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mentioned previously, you can export your report to Excel or PDF and share
25:33
the report with your tax preparer um via different means.
25:40
and Mo will go over the next slide.
25:43
>> Going back to our presentation here. So, kind of the general process you should
25:47
be going through um and filing uh your taxes. Uh some of these steps are things
25:53
that you should be doing kind of on a on a monthly basis. And the value of doing
25:57
this kind of on a monthly basis is you see many clients that are usually kind
26:01
of scrambling, if you will, at the end of the year during tax season. And
26:05
usually that’s a result of things not being reconciled each month and uh not
26:10
not having kind of that accounting discipline if you will. Um and creates
26:14
this huge backlog of work at the end of the year. Um and and it can be very
26:19
costly if you have your tax accountant that has to you know reconcile and get
26:22
and create all these entries and whatnot because transactions were not uh
26:26
properly entered and books were not closed out on a monthly basis. So you
26:29
want to close out your books on a monthly basis. You should be doing a
26:32
review of kind of the big the big three reports. You know, your balance sheet,
26:36
income statement, and cash flow. Income should be separated based on member,
26:39
non-member. Uh expenses should be allocated. And then u you know, the form
26:44
that you’ll be using for your taxes should be should be uh should be
26:48
elected, selected, and then uh filled out. And usually that’s something that
26:51
your tax preparer will kind of handle. And then once that return is prepared,
26:55
that’ll be filed and paid. I will say probably one of the one of
27:01
the biggest things that a lot of folks kind of struggle with or overlook is is
27:04
just the importance and significance of doing like bank reconciliations. You
27:08
know, the entire and we have a screen here of kind of the uh the bank
27:12
reconciliation and bank feed feature that managed CASA has. Uh it’s very
27:17
important that you’re reconciling on a monthly basis. This ensures that the
27:21
transactions that are being uh that are hitting your bank account are also being
27:26
reflected in your accounting system. This also ensures that you know if
27:30
you’re preparing financials on a monthly basis that’s being consumed by the
27:34
board, investors or whomever that those financials are actually accurate and
27:37
everything has been accounted for. Uh versus if you’re not doing those
27:41
reconciliations, then there’s no guarantee that those transactions have
27:44
been entered. And so in the future, if when you do finally reconcile or when
27:48
you’re doing your taxes, if all these adjustments need to be created or
27:51
transactions that were not entered before need to be entered, it’s going to
27:54
it’s going to uh it’s going to impact the integrity of the financials that
27:58
you’ve already provided. Deadlines.
28:03
Everybody loves deadlines. Uh March 15th is when the federal HOA return is due
28:08
and you can file for an extension. um filing for an extension just ensures
28:14
that you don’t get hit with penalties. Uh however, you if if if there is taxes
28:20
that are due, there is still that you’re still going to be responsible for the
28:24
interest that gets acred. And so this is something to kind of take into
28:27
consideration. Um you know, filing for an extension does not necessarily mean
28:31
that you know, you’re not going to be paying any extra taxes. If if there is
28:35
there if there is monies that are due once the taxes are filed then there is
28:39
going to be an acred uh interest uh on on on what should have been filed on the
28:45
15th. Uh if you choose to extend you can you can extend it to to September 15th.
28:51
And then state deadlines every state varies kind of state by state. Uh you’ll
28:55
need to go to kind of your state your state uh secretary of state website in
28:58
order to be able to confirm what that date is specifically. And that’s also
29:02
information that your tax accountant and CPA should also have.
29:07
Uh common challenges and screw-ups that we see. So one is you know not filing
29:11
the return. Again you need to file a return regardless of whether you are a
29:17
taxable entity or not. The only scenario where you don’t need to file is if you
29:21
are a 501 designated nonprofit organization using the wrong form. Uh so
29:29
uh you need to make sure that or ensure that you get you know a proper opinion
29:34
and an objective kind of assessment from your tax account and CPA if you if you
29:39
if you choose to elect for the 1120H designation. Again there’s that 69year
29:44
rule that you need to make sure that you are sufficing or that you are that you
29:49
suffice those requirements for um non-member income that’s hidden in
29:53
member buckets. So kind of allocating income in the wrong buckets, expenses
29:57
that are not allocated. Um, so one thing that I want to, you know, highlight
30:02
that’s probably a very common thing that’s kind of uh not allocated
30:05
correctly or properly is like things like, you know, prepaid dues. So if
30:08
somebody like prepays dues for the next year um or even for the next month uh as
30:14
of the end of December and the year prior, prepayments are considered a
30:18
liability. That is not considered income yet. Okay. Uh so ensuring that expenses
30:23
are allocated correctly is very important and you need to things like u
30:28
you know renovations and capital expenditures and stuff need to be
30:31
handled correctly. Um every every type of renovation there are tax laws around
30:37
kind of the way that capital expenditures can be expensed and move
30:40
over to the income statement and things like using bonus depreciation if there
30:43
are certain uh property improvements that are done for you to be able to take
30:47
advantage of that. state return state returns being ignored, you know,
30:51
regardless of what entity or type of a organization, you always have to you
30:57
always have to submit a a state return. And then also, you know, filing filing
31:02
late without asking for without without uh without filing for an extension prior
31:08
to the initial deadline. Okay, looks like we’ve reached towards
31:17
the bottom of our presentation here. Um, and we’ll open up the floor to to any uh
31:24
any questions. Yeah, I think a few have actually
31:28
already come in. Um, looks like the first question is, are custom ledger
31:33
accounts filterable when running reports?
31:38
So, this would be yes. Uh for reports that have an account filter, you can
31:42
filter that by specific accounts. So it works the same as any other account
31:46
would. Um question number two, can you edit a chart of accounts? Like say you
31:52
wanted to reclassify it. Uh for default ledger accounts, those are all fixed. Uh
31:57
for ledger accounts that you manually created though, some fields you can
32:01
edit, like you can change the chart number, uh but you can’t change
32:04
something like the overall type, like if it’s an expense or an income account.
32:08
Um, so it’s probably better just to create a new chart of account in that
32:12
case, right? Number three, how does the split
32:16
by property check mark work when running reports and how is that different from
32:22
selecting a property? Split by property creates an entirely
32:27
separate report for each property, whereas like the property filter just
32:31
narrows down the data based on those specific properties. So the difference
32:35
is whether you see one report or multiple reports. That’s really the key
32:39
difference there. And I think that is the rest of the
32:44
questions. Um if you have any other questions we didn’t get to, feel free to
32:47
reach us after the presentation. Um we’re always able to answer questions
32:52
then. Um but for now, a big thank you for attending today’s webinar. We hope
32:55
you found it helpful and um as we mentioned, you can always reach us after
33:00
the presentation or just go to our help center at help.managedcasa.com
33:04
where we answer a lot of these key questions. We’ve got so many articles
33:07
there um including new features and lots of videos. Um you can also find other
33:13
webinar recordings and newsletters in the news section of the help center. So
33:16
if you found this webinar helpful, maybe there are some others you’d like to take
33:19
a peek at. Um thanks again for being with us and we look forward to seeing
33:23
you for another presentation. Thanks everyone.
33:27
Dave

